Greetings
Greeting customs and etiquette is an integral part of Ukrainian culture. Handshakes are the most common form of greeting, although some people may kiss both of your cheeks. It is also courteous to say ‘Hello’ and ‘Goodbye’ when entering and leaving the room. Making some pleasantries, such as asking after the other person’s family, is also considered polite. Let’s take a look at some different important Ukrainian customs and etiquette related to greetings:
- It is customary for the younger person to initiate the handshake.
- It is polite to stand up when someone enters the room.
- It is polite to ask how the other person is doing.
- It is polite to use titles when addressing someone.
- It is polite to use the other person’s name when greeting them.
Handshakes
In Ukraine, direct eye contact is kept during the conversation, and handshakes are the standard greeting for both men and women. It is recommended to use handshakes when being introduced to someone or when leaving a conversation. Women are expected to extend their hand for a handshake, and men must always wait for an invitation from a woman before initiating physical contact through touching or hugging as signs of respect.
It is considered polite to make solid and firm contact during the handshake with a slightly longer greeting when meeting someone you know well or someone older than you. Ukrainians maintain several connections while shaking hands, including; placing their right hand on the left shoulder, the right arm encircling the back, clasping each other’s hands twice, holding the grip too tightly, leaning forward toward each other, etc. Some scholars describe this form as an icebreaker before entering into communication to understand an individual’s attitude towards themselves without making verbal statements.
Body Language
Understanding the body language of Ukrainians can help you interact with them, as it is a significant part of their culture. Ukrainian people are generally more conservative than other countries and do not touch each other for more than necessary when meeting for the first time, like shaking hands. Handshakes are usually reserved for business meetings, while simple nods and smiles will suffice in a casual setting.
The way Ukrainians position themselves in social spaces reflects their hierarchical nature; elders will always sit at the highest seat centrally located in a room, while guests may be asked to sit either near or opposite them. People may also be expected to stand when elders enter the room, although this depends on how close they are to each other regarding the relationship or social class.
It is also important to maintain an appropriate distance when speaking with someone, both physically and verbally: avoid invading someone’s personal space (including the bubble around them) and any overly loud conversations, as these could make others uncomfortable. Avoid topics such as politics or religion unless it is agreed upon beforehand by all parties involved.
Respectful Titles
In Ukraine, respecting elders and those in authority is customary using respectful titles. Generally, it is appropriate to address a person by their academic degree (if they have one), professional title or position, or even by referring to their age group.
Examples of respectful titles in Ukraine include:
- Doctor/Docent – used for someone with an academic degree
- Mr./Mrs./Miss – these titles are used for married people and unmarried women, respectively
- Sister/Brother – used for older members of the family or close friends as a sign of respect and endearment.
- Grandfather/Grandmother – these are also used for those much older than you, regardless of biological relationship
- Sir – this form of address is generally expected from younger people speaking with those much older, particularly males. It can also be used when communicating with police officers, teachers, or respected businessmen.
- Madam – this form of address can be used when addressing female authority figures such as teachers or policewomen
Dining Etiquette
Ukraine has developed its dining customs and etiquette based on local traditions and culture. As a result, eating out is a popular pastime in Ukraine, and the country’s rich culinary culture can be found in many places.
When dining out in Ukraine, you should know a few etiquette rules. So let’s take a closer look at the dining etiquette in Ukraine:
Table Manners
Table manners in Ukraine are relaxed, and dinner often consists of multiple courses. It is customary for guests to take small helpings, even when second helpings are offered. Guests should not start eating until the hostess has invited them to do so by saying “priyatnogo appetita” (bon appétit).
When sitting down to have a meal, waiting until everyone has been served before starting is polite. Table manners include keeping your hands visible at all times, as hiding them suggests ill intent. Meals can often be served on one plate with multiple utensils; forks should always be used before switching to knives or spoons.
Once you start eating, taking frequent breaks during the meal and enjoying conversations with your hosts without being too noisy or eating too quickly is polite. Cutting your food with a fork in one hand and a knife in the other is common practice because Ukrainian meals involve food that is best eaten this way; after this task has been completed, switch the knife for your spoon if necessary.
At the end of meals in Ukraine, it is polite to thank everyone for lunch or dinner by saying “spasibo” (thanks). In addition, celebrations often end with desserts such as cakes or crêpes served with tea; having a spoon and fork together will allow you to enjoy such desserts properly.
Food Customs
Ukraine has a rich culinary tradition borrowed from its eastern European neighbors, nomadic peoples, and proximity to the Middle East. Traditional food is simple but hearty, as centuries of invading armies and harsh winters have demanded.
Ukrainian dishes are heavy on potatoes, grains, and vegetables like other Eastern European cuisines. However, refined white flour was inexpensive here for many years, so lighter-baked items like blintzes (crepes) are trendy. Ukrainians also share the practice of salting meats and fish with Russians. Common ingredients include beets, cucumbers, tomatoes, dill, and garlic, often used to make soup or salads called “salats,” finishing meals in true Eastern European fashion.
Many meals will begin with a small snack followed by soup or borscht—a thick traditional beet-based soup that comes in both hot and cold varieties—with either mushrooms or cabbage as well as sour cream, served with most soups here. Cornbread (mamaliga) and wide noodles called lokshyna are served in many dishes, as well as pork tenderloin stuffed with cheese (farsumagru). Popular main dishes also include:
- Pierogis (dumplings).
- Sarmas (cabbage leaves stuffed with meat or a combination of beef and rice).
- Varenyky (dumplings filled primarily with potatoes).
Drinks after dinner range from herbal teas to brandy or cognac depending upon circumstances but adhere to those traditional norms of Russian hospitality – “try a little bit more”!
Tipping
Tipping is not expected in Ukraine, though service persons may appreciate it. Leaving a small gratuity is recommended if you receive exceptional service in a restaurant, hotel, or other service-based service-based establishments.
In restaurants, 5-10% of the bill should suffice, depending on the quality of service received. It is also polite to leave any small change as a token for their services if paying cash. Tipping at bars or nightclubs is not particularly common but can be done at your discretion.
Gift Giving
Gift-giving is a common custom in Ukraine. Showing appreciation or fostering relationships and giving and receiving gifts is part of the culture. Ukrainians sometimes exchange small, thoughtful gifts that reflect their culture and traditions. Knowing the appropriate gifts will help you cultivate meaningful relationships with your Ukrainian friends and colleagues.
Let’s explore the custom of gift-giving in Ukraine in more detail.
Appropriate Gifts
Gift-giving is an integral part of Ukrainian culture and tends to be taken very seriously. When invited for a meal or an event, it is customary to bring a gift. Depending on your relationship with the host, these presents can range from simple things like sweets, chocolates, or flowers to more expensive items such as wine or clothing. However, presenting a host with something they cannot immediately use is generally inappropriate as it may be seen as insulting.
Ukraine has many beautiful gifts and souvenirs that are great options for your hosts. Pottery is often popular and can include dishes, mugs, vases, plates, etc. Wooden crafts such as carved art pieces or decorative boxes are also excellent choices for a memorable token of appreciation. For those on a budget, pieces of embroidery and traditional recipes from the area make great gifts too!
Gift Wrapping
Gifts are an essential part of Ukrainian culture and should be presented neatly and attractively to leave a good impression. For example, presenting a wrapped gift with ribbons and bows shows you’ve put thought and care into the gesture.
In Ukrainian culture, gifts are usually packaged with colorful foil wrapping paper decorated with festive ornaments, such as ribbons, bows, flowers, or sparkles. This wrapping paper signifies prosperity and good luck for the gift receiver. Large gifts are sometimes wrapped in several layers to signify generosity, while smaller items may be packaged in a more minimalistic style. When presenting gift cards, all available areas must be filled with decorative paper or figures cut out from felt fabric. Otherwise, this signifies that wish unfulfilled wishes will remain unfulfilled and should therefore be avoided if possible.
When delivering their presents, Ukrainians enjoy making small rituals, such as unwrapping the gifts together. At the same time, they discuss pleasant topics or sing songs related to upcoming festivities and celebrations. These rituals always come accompanied by exchanging wishes for health and luck for both the giver and receiver of the gift, which creates a warm atmosphere around Ukrainian gifts giving events.
Dress Code
Regarding dressing in Ukraine, it is important to remember that Ukrainians are typically quite conservative in their dress codes. Generally, the rule is to dress modestly and conservatively.
- Men tend to dress in suits and ties.
- Women usually opt for skirts or dresses that cover their knees.
- Bright colors and prints are usually not recommended.
Business Attire
Due to the recent surge in interest in a professional dress code, business attire is highly recommended, especially when networking or attending professional events such as conferences. For men, formal dress tends to be dark colored such as navy blue and black. Collarless shirts and vests that don’t reach the belt line are inappropriate. Women should adhere to similar guidelines; darker clothing is recommended, and skirts should not be worn above the knee.
Casual clothing is becoming increasingly common in Ukraine’s larger cities. However, it is essential to remember that the Ukrainian culture appreciates conservative attire.
In formal settings, men often wear a suit with a tie while women wear an appropriate-length full-length skirt or pantsuit, with heels favored over flat shoes or sandals. At social functions, business casual attire may often be seen; sweaters, blouses, and dressy slacks are everyday for both men and women, with more laid-back occasions allowing for lighter hues such as blues, pinks, and yellows for women to express their styles. Additionally, more fashionable garments such as dresses or skirts of higher lengths may be acceptable depending on your company’s dress code policy. If you’re unsure about what attire would be appropriate at any specific event, ask beforehand to prepare ahead!
Social Events
The national dress of Ukraine is the vyshyvanka, a handmade embroidered shirt that can be worn for any occasion. However, a smart casual dress code is more appropriate for most social events. People often wear dark formal business suits or dresses to exquisite affairs. Women usually wear skirts or long dresses with high heels, and men tend to wear tailored trousers and shirts with intelligent ties.
Be mindful of your outfit choices and choose clothes that will not draw too much attention to yourself to show politeness and respect in social situations.
When invited to a private home for dinner, it’s good manners to take off your shoes at the door and dress in more casual clothing than would typically be worn at a formal gathering. It’s also polite to bring a small gift such as chocolates, wine, or flowers for the hostess. The same etiquette applies when attending outdoor barbecues or gatherings with friends; try not to overdress, and don’t forget small gifts of appreciation!
As in most countries, you are generally expected to arrive on time (or even early) when friends invite you. Lateness is considered rude in Ukraine, so make sure you plan if you want to leave them with the best impression!
Traditional Clothing
Ukrainian traditional clothing can range from rural to sophisticated and still carries its unique flavor of elements from various periods and styles. Modern Ukrainian style is seen in richly embroidered shirts and blouses, heavily ornamented vyshyvankas (traditional embroidered shirts), cut leather boots, embroidered skirts, and colorful headdresses adorned with silver jewelry. These items usually consist of an off-white or light-colored linen or cotton material as a base and are decorated with elaborate designs done in cross-stitch.
The traditional Ukrainian style for men consists of pants tucked into tall leather boots or low shoes, a shirt with long or short sleeves, and a sleeveless waistcoat usually made from black velvet material (kosovorotka), which is open at the front and falls just below the waist. A woolen kaftan or sheepskin coat, often decorated with intricate designs, is worn over the waistcoat and may be fastened up the middle. A tall cylindrical hat is traditionally worn on top.
The traditional style for women includes high-heeled shoes, floor-length skirts made from either linen or velvet material which are highly embroidered at the bottom, an underskirt called a shovaryk, then an ornately crafted gown which was created from homespun linen. Still, more modern versions could be of cotton fabric that opens down the front to reveal a row of buttons running down either side. Usually, these gowns have an angled placket along their edges filled with elaborate patterns stitched in cross-stitch using brightly colored thread on white fabric for added drama. Women may also wear colorful headscarves tied intricately at the back or sides in keeping with local customs and etiquette.
Communication
Ukraine is a nation with vibrant cultural customs and etiquette. Communication is a significant part of their culture, and understanding the cultural nuances is critical to having successful personal and professional relationships in Ukraine.
This article will explore the various aspects of communication in Ukraine, from verbal to non-verbal cues, as well as implications for proper communication:
Conversation Topics
Particular conversation topics should be avoided when in social engagements in Ukraine. It is not polite to ask Ukrainian citizens about their political opinions, religious beliefs, or views on Ukraine’s history. Avoid topics such as the war in the east, politics, and matters concerning money are generally considered impolite. Questions about how much particular item costs or how much someone might earn for their job can be seen as offensive.
It is best to stick to topics about family life and interests, including stories about activities and travels, to avoid embarrassment. Ukrainians tend to be very proud of sharing their culture and culture-specific foods with outsiders and enjoy discussing music, sports, archeological sites, or tourist attractions they have recently visited.
Gestures should always remain polite: speaking loudly or using strong hand gestures while conversing is said to be rude in Ukraine. Your form of address should also reflect respect: it is common practice when greeting adults to use someone’s official title (Doctor/Doctora) followed by surname; adults may even refer to themselves with the title ‘Pan/Pani‘ before their surnames. Finally, avoid making jokes that might appear offensive or might easily be misconstrued—fictional stories are usually welcomed more than jokes that contain cultural commentaries!
Respectful Language
When speaking to others in Ukraine, a certain degree of politeness and respect is expected. It is shown through the words chosen, their tone and volume, and how quickly they are said. However, it is important to remember that you may appear rude if you use slang or swear words, even if this is normal in your culture – no matter what language you speak.
When greeting someone for the first time, it is polite to use a title such as an appropriate form of addressing someone (Mr., Mrs., Miss), followed by the person’s surname. If addressing someone with whom you are familiar, the honorific might be dropped or replaced with any or with nickname or diminutive that has been given by mutual agreement.
It is also essential to ensure your language style focuses on deference and courtesy rather than command and demand when requesting information or making suggestions. Try not to interrupt people while speaking because this shows disrespect, but at times can’t be avoided, especially when having conversations in a noisy environment.
Ukraine people generally avoid using direct ‘no’ when politely declining an offer for fear of appearing impolite and will often try to explain away their reasons instead. Herein lies another cultural challenge; word answers can be quite ambiguous; understanding non-verbal cues and taking context into account before making conclusions can help ensure proper communication while navigating Ukrainian relationships and lifestyles.
Non-Verbal Cues
Non-verbal communication is highly valued in Ukraine, and people in the country often appreciate subtle expressions even more than verbal ones. People may not verbalize their feelings as much, so non-verbal cues become increasingly important. Greeting people, showing respect and appreciation with small gestures like bringing gifts to a dinner party, or offering flowers to a hostess will all be seen as polite, even if there are no words exchanged.
Eye contact is also considered an important part of communication in Ukraine. Meeting eyes and maintaining a steady gaze conveys respect and interest in conversations, whereas avoiding eye contact can be frowned upon by Ukrainians. Personal distance should also be kept in mind during interactions. Standing too close may be viewed as overstepping boundaries, while standing too far away may be interpreted as a lack of sincerity.
Facial expressions are used to communicate emotion and show support for someone else’s message when no words are necessary. For example, a frown can indicate displeasure or confusion towards an opinion, while nodding along could signify agreement or understanding. People tend to smile less than someone who hails from the United States, but it is still appreciated if you offer a smile during an interaction if appropriate. It never hurts to use facial expressions judiciously when communicating with Ukrainians!